60:8 Allah forbids
you not, as regards those who have not fought against you on account of the
religion, nor expelled you from your homes, that you should be kind to them and
be just with them; verily, Allah loves the just.
60:9 Allah only
forbids you, as to those who have fought against you on account of the faith,
and expelled you from your homes, and have supported in your expulsion, that
you should befriend them. And whoever befriends them—those—they are the
wrongdoers.
Relationship
with the Previous Part
In the previous part, the believers are
commanded to disown the disbelievers and to imitate Prophet Ibrahim and the
believers with him in this regard. They are also reassured that Allah is able
to change all matters in the blink of an eye by causing the disbelievers to
embrace Islam, which indeed occurred. This part then addresses the relationship
between the believers and those disbelievers who do not fight against the
Muslims, do not drive the believers out of their homes, and do not assist
others in doing so.
60:8 Allah forbids
you not as regards those who have not fought against you on account of faith,
nor expelled you from your homes, that you should be kind to them and be just
with them; verily, Allah loves the just.
This Ayah establishes a foundational
principle that the believers should follow regarding friendship, enmity, social
relations, and avoidance.
Abdul Allah Bin Az-Zubair narrated from his
father, may Allah have mercy on them, that this Ayah was revealed concerning
Asma’ Bint Abi Bakr. Her mother, Qiylah, was a disbeliever. She visited her
daughter Asma’ and brought her gifts. Asma’ said, “I shall not accept your gifts,
and you shall not enter my house until I take permission from Messenger
Muhammad [Peace be upon him].” Then Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her,
informed Messenger Muhammad of the matter. Thus, Allah, Exalted be He,
revealed: [60:8 Allah forbids you not as regards those who have not
fought against you on account of faith…].
Hisham bin Urwa
said, “My father told me that Asma’ bint Abi Bakr, may Allah be pleased with
them, said, ‘During the time of the Messenger [peace be upon him], my mother,
who was a disbeliever, came to visit me, seeking to maintain ties of kinship. I
asked the Prophet, “Shall I maintain ties of kinship with her?” He said,
“Yes.”’” Ibn Uyaynah said, [“Then Allah
revealed: [60:8 Allah forbids you not as regards those who have not fought against
you on account of faith…].”
60:8 Allah forbids
you not as regards those who have not fought against you on account of faith…
Allah does not forbid the believers
from being kind to disbelievers who do not fight against them, such as women
and weak people. Kindness includes maintaining good relations with relatives,
helping neighbors, and showing hospitality, since such people do not fight the
believers on account of faith and do not expel them from their homes. Moreover,
Allah does not forbid the believers from being just and fair toward such
disbelievers by giving them their rights, fulfilling promises made to them, and
returning their trusts, as Allah loves those who are just and fair.
The intended meaning is that Allah does
not forbid the believers from showing kindness to disbelievers who have made
covenants with them not to fight against them.
60:9 Allah only
forbids you as to those who have fought against you on account of faith, and
expelled you from your homes, and have supported in your expulsion, that you
should befriend them. And whoever befriends them—those—they are the wrongdoers.
Allah only forbids the believers from
being kind to those who have fought against them on account of faith and belief
in the Oneness of Allah, such as the disbelievers of Makkah and those similar
to them. Allah also forbids kindness toward those who expelled the believers
from their homes and supported others in doing so. Furthermore, Allah forbids
the believers from befriending or forming alliances with such disbelievers.
And whoever befriends
them—those—they are the wrongdoers.
Those among the believers who befriend
and ally with disbelievers who fought against the believers, expelled them from
their homes, and supported their expulsion are wrongdoers. They are described
as wrongdoers because they wrong themselves by befriending and allying with
those who do not deserve friendship or alliance. Rather, such people are
enemies of Allah and His Messenger and deserve enmity and hatred.
Summary
Ruling
- It is permissible for the
believers to be kind to and befriend disbelievers who do not fight them on
account of faith and do not expel them from their homes.
- It is impermissible for the believers to be kind to or befriend disbelievers who have fought against them on account of faith, expelled them from their homes, and supported others in doing so.
Learned
Lessons from Surah Al-Mumtahanah Ayat 8–9
- It is permissible for the
believers to be kind to and befriend disbelievers who do not fight against
them, do not expel them from their homes, and do not support others in
their expulsion. The believers should be just and fair with such people,
as Allah loves those who are just.
- It is impermissible for the
believers to be kind to or befriend disbelievers who have fought against
them, expelled them from their homes, and supported their expulsion. Those
among the believers who show kindness to and befriend such disbelievers
deserve severe punishment.
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